Early American (1640-1700)

Simple - Straight lines, simple design, and little ornamentation. (Contemporary style shown)

	Simple Turning or Flat - Arms are straight with a simple turning or are flat.
	Straight - Arms are straight and perpendicular to the chair.

Wood - Solid wood, horizontal slats, vertical slats, or vertical splats.

	Banister - Three to six vertical turned slats in the shape of a baluster, flat on the front and round on the back.
	Ladderback or Slatback - Equally spaced horizontal flat slats, either straight or curved.
	Solid - One piece or solid panel chair back.
	Spindle - Simple turned vertical slats.
	Stile and Panel - Wood or cane back panel framed between two straight or turned stiles.
	Turned - Vertical turnings: the Carver design has a single row of turnings and the Brewster design has a double row of turnings.

	Round - Round, usually shaped or turned leg.
	Straight - Straight leg, vertical to chair seat.
	Simple Turning - Turned leg with a few types of turnings.
	Square - Flat surfaced leg on all sides.

	Rush - Woven rush.
	Wood - Various types of wood.

Square - Square shaped seat.

	Carved Wood (Simple) - Simple carved handle made of wood.
	Tear Drop - Tear-drop shaped pull attached by a knob to a back plate. The back plate is usually circular, oval, or diamond shaped.
	Turned Wooden Knob - Elongated, turned wooden knob, often 3 inches long and 1.25 inches in diameter.
	Wooden Mushroom-Shaped Knob - Mushroom-shaped wooden knob, often 1 inch high and 1.5 to 2.5 inches in diameter.

	Cretonne - Medium to heavyweight, unglazed printed fabric, often made of cotton or linen in large floral patterns.
	Leather - Material made from the tanning of animal hides.
	Linen - Fabric made from the fiber of the flax plant.

	Oil Varnish - Clear finish that emphasized the grain of the wood.
	Paint - Opaque, pigmented finish that obscures the grain of the wood.
	Wax - Paste finish over a sealer, stain, or bare wood.

	Block - Flat-surfaced foot.
	Bracket - Angular curved foot, usually used with case furniture.
	Bun - Rounded foot, flatter than a ball foot.
	Continuation of leg - Leg does not terminate into a foot.

	Iron - Grayish-brown metal with a dull finish.
	Leather - Animal hide, used in strips as pulls.
	Wood - Various types of wood, carved or turned.

Mortise and tenon - Wood joint in which a projecting tenon of one board is fitted into a mortise or hole of another board.

Straight - Straight lines.

	Circle - A spherical shape.
	Diamond - A figure with four equal sides and two obtuse angles.
	Pine Tree - Evergreen tree.
	Rose - Rose or similar flower.
	Scroll - Form that resembles a roll of parchment paper.
	Sunflower - Daisy-like flower.
	Tulip - Cup-shaped flower.

	Carving - Cutting or chipping the surface of wood to create a shape or design.
	Finial - Decorative turning affixed to the tops of case furniture, and chair and bed posts.
	Paneling - Raised, recessed, and framed panels.
	Spindle - Turned pieces, split vertically often affixed to the front of case furniture.

Heavy - Sturdy, thick dimensions. (Chippendale style shown)

Heavy - Sturdy stretchers. (Jacobean style shown)

	Ash - Whitish-gray American hardwood with similar graining to oak.
	Birch - Red-brown American hardwood with a close grain.
	Cherry - Red-brown American hardwood.
	Elm - Red-brown American hardwood.
	Fruitwood - Pink-brown American hardwood, including apple and pear.
	Hickory - Red-brown American hardwood.
	Maple - Golden to Red-brown American hardwood with a wide range of figures.
	Oak - Gray-brown American hardwood.
	Pine - Yellow to pink-brown American softwood.
	Sycamore - Creamy-white European hardwood, treated to turn a silvery-gray or pink-brown color.

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